After greasy foods?
Kelly,
I would suggest, rather than trying to absorb everything in a short amount of time, or absorbing everything at one time. Maybe spreading out the knowledge you receive in smaller increments. Which could be beneficial to absorbing everything associated with this condition.
American Journal of Gastroenterology - Hope this helps
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (pHTN) is a highly morbid disease. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications of pHTN are relatively common, anecdotally affect those with more severe disease, and may be life-threatening. However, there is scarce published data focusing on the GI manifestations associated with this condition. Identification of the most common GI complaints would provide guidance for gastroenterologists in the management of these patients. We aimed to identify characteristics of GI complaints in patients with pHTN.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with pHTN who were evaluated for GI symptoms at a single tertiary care center from 2005-2015. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the primary endpoint (incidence of GI complication) and all secondary endpoints, including associated comorbidities, risk factors and medications. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effect of advanced pHTN therapy on GI symptoms. All p-values were two-sided with statistical significance evaluated at 0.05 alpha level.
Results: Of the 500 patients with pHTN identified, 210(42%) reported a GI symptom. Those with at least one symptom tended to be tobacco smokers, were more likely to be World Health Organization group I, more likely to have scleroderma, coronary artery disease, liver disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, a prosthetic valve, and receiving any pHTN medication than those without any GI symptoms (Table 1). The most common GI symptoms identified were reflux (17.8%), GI hemorrhage (10.6%), diarrhea (6.2%), and weight loss (4.6%).Patients receiving advanced pHTN therapy more commonly experienced GI symptoms (92.4% versus 26.4%) (p < 0.001) (Table 2). This association persisted on univariate and multivariate logistic regression (OR 16.8 and 18.3, p < 0.010)
Conclusion: GI symptoms are common amongst patients with pHTN. The most common symptoms are reflux and GI hemorrhage. Patients with more severe disease are more likely to experience GI manifestations. The number of advanced pHTN therapies is a strong predictor of GI symptoms. Whether this is purely a result of disease severity or specifically as a result of side effects of advanced pulmonary hypertension medications is not known. Given the large number of GI complaints, further studies are necessary to address the natural history, the indications for intervention, and most successful interventions for GI issues in this population.
Kris, I get it. I look once I reply (or think I am replying to a particular question) and then look and it is in wrong spot. lol. That what I get for being chatty Cathy haha. I went from a sales career to bed and Netflix won’t answer my questions. Lucy you all!!!
Kelly,
The reply above was supposed to go on a different question you asked. I still have issues understanding some navigation stuff.
Thank you Jay. My poor brain is so full. There really is a lot to take in and evaluate. Thank you though, appreciated!